What does "environmental degradation" refer to?

Environmental degradation refers to the deterioration of natural resources and the environment due to human activities, natural processes, or a combination of both. This term encompasses a wide range of issues such as deforestation, soil erosion, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. When natural resources, which include air, water, soil, and ecosystems, are depleted or polluted, their ability to support life and provide essential services is compromised.

The other options do not accurately represent the meaning of environmental degradation. The growth of urban landscapes, for instance, can lead to environmental degradation but does not define it. Likewise, the increase of biodiversity and the enhancement of ecosystem services are generally positive outcomes that contrast with the concept of degradation, which concerns decline and harm. Hence, the correct choice highlights the fundamental concern of environmental degradation: the negative impacts on the health and availability of natural resources essential for ecological balance and human well-being.