What is a potential outcome of reduced agricultural productivity due to soil erosion?

Reduced agricultural productivity due to soil erosion leads to food scarcity because soil erosion depletes the nutrients necessary for crop growth. When the top layer of soil is lost, it becomes harder for plants to access the essential minerals and water they need to thrive. This reduction in agricultural output can result in lower yields, which diminishes the amount of food produced for consumption. With less food available, the overall supply decreases, leading to scarcity in local and global markets. This can increase food prices and contribute to hunger, especially in regions that rely heavily on agriculture for food security.

The other options do not align as closely with the consequences of soil erosion. For instance, reduced agricultural productivity does not enhance access to water, as water availability typically diminishes when the soil's ability to retain moisture is compromised. Similarly, less productive land does not lead to more available arable land; rather, it may make existing land less effective for farming. Furthermore, decreased crop yields are unlikely to result in higher income for farmers, as lower productivity typically correlates with decreased earnings.