What is the primary cause of desertification?

Desertification primarily results from unsustainable land management practices coupled with the effects of climate change. When land is overutilized—through excessive grazing, deforestation, or inappropriate agricultural practices—it can lead to soil degradation and a decline in productivity. This degradation makes it increasingly difficult for vegetation to thrive, which is critical for maintaining soil health and preventing erosion.

Climate change further exacerbates this situation by altering weather patterns, leading to prolonged droughts and higher temperatures. These changes can reduce the amount of arable land significantly, as areas that previously supported agriculture become arid and unproductive. Collectively, these factors contribute to a feedback loop where degraded lands are increasingly unable to recover, thus reinforcing the processes that lead to desertification.

Both urban development and natural climatic cycles alone do not encompass the complexities of desertification. While urban development may contribute to land use changes, it is not the primary driver. Similarly, natural climatic cycles are part of broader climate dynamics but do not account for human-induced factors that significantly accelerate desertification trends. The option regarding increased rainfall and flooding is contrary to the conditions under which desertification occurs, as it is typically associated with a lack of sufficient moisture rather than an excess.