What type of migration can occur within a single country?

The correct answer is rural-urban migration, which specifically refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers within the same country. This type of migration is often driven by various factors, including the pursuit of better job opportunities, access to education, and improved living conditions. As people seek to enhance their quality of life or escape challenges in rural regions, they migrate to cities that offer more resources and services.

This phenomenon is significant in many developing countries where urban areas are expanding rapidly due to economic development and industrialization. In this context, rural-urban migration can lead to demographic shifts, urban growth, and even challenges such as overcrowded cities and strained infrastructure.

The other options describe migration dynamics that may not fit the criterion of occurring within a single country. For instance, international migration involves moving between different countries, while internationally displaced migration refers to individuals who have fled their home countries due to conflict or persecution. Permanent migration typically hints at a long-term move, but it may still involve crossing national borders, depending on the context.